See vьrtъ on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"f"
],
"roman": "krugovértʹ",
"word": "кругове́рть"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vrăt",
"word": "врът"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vrăc",
"word": "връц"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vrắtka",
"word": "връ́тка"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "vrtka",
"word": "вртка"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "wart"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*vьrtěti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьrtěti"
],
[
"*vortъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vortъ"
],
[
"vertex",
"vertex#Latin"
],
[
"vortex",
"vortex#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": ":deverbal",
"3": "*vьrtěti",
"id": "twirl"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#deverbal|Deverbal]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*wr̥t-\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*wert-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*wirtḗˀtei\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*vьrtěti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"deverbal\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*vьrtъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }\" data-id=\"twirl\" data-lang=\"sla-pro\" data-title=\"*vьrtъ\" id=\"Proto-Slavic:_twirl\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*vьrtěti",
"3": "",
"4": "to rotate, to turn"
},
"expansion": "Deverbal from *vьrtěti (“to rotate, to turn”)",
"name": "deverbal"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vertex"
},
"expansion": "Latin vertex",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Deverbal from *vьrtěti (“to rotate, to turn”), parallel to the o-grade form *vortъ. Cognate with Latin vertex, vortex.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "*vьrtъ m",
"name": "sla-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьrtъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "76 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "88 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "92 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "97 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "turnaround",
"translation": "turnaround",
"word": "vьrtenь"
},
{
"word": "vьrtьcь"
},
{
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "vьrtikъ"
},
{
"english": "fidget, pivot",
"translation": "fidget, pivot",
"word": "vьrtunъ"
},
{
"english": "whirlwind",
"translation": "whirlwind",
"word": "vьrtuxa"
},
{
"english": "change of direction, turn",
"translation": "change of direction, turn",
"word": "vьrtъka"
},
{
"word": "vьrťаti"
}
],
"glosses": [
"turn, twirl, circular motion"
],
"id": "en-vьrtъ-sla-pro-noun-mGDW9p7T",
"links": [
[
"turn",
"turn"
],
[
"twirl",
"twirl"
],
[
"circular",
"circular"
],
[
"motion",
"motion"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "rotatoion, arcing",
"translation": "rotatoion, arcing",
"word": "vьrtežь"
},
{
"english": "revolution, vortex",
"translation": "revolution, vortex",
"word": "vьrtělь"
},
{
"english": "curl, torsion",
"translation": "curl, torsion",
"word": "vьrtočь"
},
{
"english": "whirlpool",
"translation": "whirlpool",
"word": "vьrtъpъ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*vojь"
},
{
"word": "*vьrtežь"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "vьrtъ"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "vrĭtŭ",
"word": "врьтъ"
},
{
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "vrŭtŭ",
"word": "врътъ"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vrăt",
"word": "врът"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vort",
"word": "ворт"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "вр̏т"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "vȑt"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*wr̥t-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wert-"
],
[
"*wirtḗˀtei",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/wirtḗˀtei"
],
[
"*vьrtěti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьrtěti"
],
[
"*vьrtъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьrtъ#Proto-Slavic:_twirl"
],
[
"revolution",
"revolution"
],
[
"enclosure",
"enclosure"
],
[
"garden",
"garden"
],
[
"*wert-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wert-"
],
[
"warto",
"warto#Tocharian_B"
],
[
"*wurtigardiz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wurtigardiz"
],
[
"𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃",
"𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃#Gothic"
],
[
"ortġeard",
"ortgeard#Old_English"
],
[
"*wréh₂ds",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wréh₂ds"
],
[
"*vьrtogordъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьrtogordъ"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*vьrtъ<id:twirl>",
"id": "garden",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *wr̥t-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *wirtḗˀteider.\nProto-Slavic *vьrtětideverb.\nProto-Slavic *vьrtъ\nProto-Slavic *vьrtъ\n[Appendix:Glossary#deverbal|Deverbal]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*wr̥t-\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*wert-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*wirtḗˀtei\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*vьrtěti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"deverbal\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*vьrtъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*vьrtъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }\" data-id=\"garden\" data-lang=\"sla-pro\" data-title=\"*vьrtъ\" id=\"Proto-Slavic:_garden\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wert-",
"4": "",
"5": "to turn, to rotate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn, to rotate”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "warto",
"3": "",
"4": "garden, enclosure, groove"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B warto (“garden, enclosure, groove”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*wurtigardiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wurtigardiz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃 (aurtigards)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ortġeard"
},
"expansion": "Old English ortġeard",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wréh₂ds",
"4": "",
"5": "root, plant"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds (“root, plant”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*vьrtogordъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vьrtogordъ",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *wr̥t-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *wirtḗˀteider.\nProto-Slavic *vьrtětideverb.\nProto-Slavic *vьrtъ\nProto-Slavic *vьrtъ\nMost likely from Etymology 1 via semantic shift revolution → enclosure → garden, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn, to rotate”). Cognate with Tocharian B warto (“garden, enclosure, groove”).\nAlternatively, per Brandt, possibly a back-formation from Proto-Germanic *wurtigardiz (whence Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃 (aurtigards), Old English ortġeard), with first element from the oblique stem of Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds (“root, plant”). Usually dismissed since corresponding East Slavic descendants exhibit reflexes of Proto-Slavic *vьrtogordъ with root -ь- (rather than expected -ъ-).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "*vьrtъ m",
"name": "sla-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьrtъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "orchard",
"translation": "orchard",
"word": "vьrtogordъ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"garden"
],
"id": "en-vьrtъ-sla-pro-noun-I-62nGgd",
"links": [
[
"garden",
"garden"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*gordina"
},
{
"word": "*sadъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "vьrtъ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Proto-Slavic deverbals",
"Proto-Slavic entries with etymology trees",
"Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wert-",
"sla-pro:Horticulture"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "turnaround",
"translation": "turnaround",
"word": "vьrtenь"
},
{
"word": "vьrtьcь"
},
{
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "vьrtikъ"
},
{
"english": "fidget, pivot",
"translation": "fidget, pivot",
"word": "vьrtunъ"
},
{
"english": "whirlwind",
"translation": "whirlwind",
"word": "vьrtuxa"
},
{
"english": "change of direction, turn",
"translation": "change of direction, turn",
"word": "vьrtъka"
},
{
"word": "vьrťаti"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"f"
],
"roman": "krugovértʹ",
"word": "кругове́рть"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vrăt",
"word": "врът"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vrăc",
"word": "връц"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vrắtka",
"word": "връ́тка"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "vrtka",
"word": "вртка"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "wart"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*vьrtěti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьrtěti"
],
[
"*vortъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vortъ"
],
[
"vertex",
"vertex#Latin"
],
[
"vortex",
"vortex#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": ":deverbal",
"3": "*vьrtěti",
"id": "twirl"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#deverbal|Deverbal]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*wr̥t-\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*wert-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*wirtḗˀtei\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*vьrtěti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"deverbal\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*vьrtъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }\" data-id=\"twirl\" data-lang=\"sla-pro\" data-title=\"*vьrtъ\" id=\"Proto-Slavic:_twirl\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*vьrtěti",
"3": "",
"4": "to rotate, to turn"
},
"expansion": "Deverbal from *vьrtěti (“to rotate, to turn”)",
"name": "deverbal"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vertex"
},
"expansion": "Latin vertex",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Deverbal from *vьrtěti (“to rotate, to turn”), parallel to the o-grade form *vortъ. Cognate with Latin vertex, vortex.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "*vьrtъ m",
"name": "sla-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьrtъ",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "rotatoion, arcing",
"translation": "rotatoion, arcing",
"word": "vьrtežь"
},
{
"english": "revolution, vortex",
"translation": "revolution, vortex",
"word": "vьrtělь"
},
{
"english": "curl, torsion",
"translation": "curl, torsion",
"word": "vьrtočь"
},
{
"english": "whirlpool",
"translation": "whirlpool",
"word": "vьrtъpъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"turn, twirl, circular motion"
],
"links": [
[
"turn",
"turn"
],
[
"twirl",
"twirl"
],
[
"circular",
"circular"
],
[
"motion",
"motion"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*vojь"
},
{
"word": "*vьrtežь"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "vьrtъ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Proto-Slavic entries with etymology trees",
"Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wert-",
"sla-pro:Horticulture"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "orchard",
"translation": "orchard",
"word": "vьrtogordъ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "vrĭtŭ",
"word": "врьтъ"
},
{
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "vrŭtŭ",
"word": "врътъ"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vrăt",
"word": "врът"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vort",
"word": "ворт"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "вр̏т"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "vȑt"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*wr̥t-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wert-"
],
[
"*wirtḗˀtei",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/wirtḗˀtei"
],
[
"*vьrtěti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьrtěti"
],
[
"*vьrtъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьrtъ#Proto-Slavic:_twirl"
],
[
"revolution",
"revolution"
],
[
"enclosure",
"enclosure"
],
[
"garden",
"garden"
],
[
"*wert-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wert-"
],
[
"warto",
"warto#Tocharian_B"
],
[
"*wurtigardiz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wurtigardiz"
],
[
"𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃",
"𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃#Gothic"
],
[
"ortġeard",
"ortgeard#Old_English"
],
[
"*wréh₂ds",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wréh₂ds"
],
[
"*vьrtogordъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьrtogordъ"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*vьrtъ<id:twirl>",
"id": "garden",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *wr̥t-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *wirtḗˀteider.\nProto-Slavic *vьrtětideverb.\nProto-Slavic *vьrtъ\nProto-Slavic *vьrtъ\n[Appendix:Glossary#deverbal|Deverbal]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*wr̥t-\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*wert-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*wirtḗˀtei\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*vьrtěti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"deverbal\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*vьrtъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*vьrtъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }\" data-id=\"garden\" data-lang=\"sla-pro\" data-title=\"*vьrtъ\" id=\"Proto-Slavic:_garden\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wert-",
"4": "",
"5": "to turn, to rotate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn, to rotate”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "warto",
"3": "",
"4": "garden, enclosure, groove"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B warto (“garden, enclosure, groove”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*wurtigardiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wurtigardiz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃 (aurtigards)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ortġeard"
},
"expansion": "Old English ortġeard",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wréh₂ds",
"4": "",
"5": "root, plant"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds (“root, plant”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*vьrtogordъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vьrtogordъ",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *wr̥t-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *wirtḗˀteider.\nProto-Slavic *vьrtětideverb.\nProto-Slavic *vьrtъ\nProto-Slavic *vьrtъ\nMost likely from Etymology 1 via semantic shift revolution → enclosure → garden, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn, to rotate”). Cognate with Tocharian B warto (“garden, enclosure, groove”).\nAlternatively, per Brandt, possibly a back-formation from Proto-Germanic *wurtigardiz (whence Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃 (aurtigards), Old English ortġeard), with first element from the oblique stem of Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds (“root, plant”). Usually dismissed since corresponding East Slavic descendants exhibit reflexes of Proto-Slavic *vьrtogordъ with root -ь- (rather than expected -ъ-).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "*vьrtъ m",
"name": "sla-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьrtъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"garden"
],
"links": [
[
"garden",
"garden"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*gordina"
},
{
"word": "*sadъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "vьrtъ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for vьrtъ meaning in All languages combined (14.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.